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Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC, (ロシア語:Еврейский антифашистский комитет) ''Yevreysky antifashistsky komitet'', ЕАК) was organized by the Jewish Bund leaders Henryk Erlich and Victor Alter, upon an initiative of Russian authorities, in fall 1941; both were released from prison in connection with their participation.〔Blatman, Daniel (8 July 2010) "(Alter, Wiktor )." Translated from the Hebrew by David Fachler. ''YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe''. Retrieved 21 October 2015.〕〔Blatman, Daniel (6 August 2010). "(Ehrlich, Henryk )." Translated from the Hebrew by David Fachler. ''YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe''. Retrieved 21 October 2015.〕 Following their re-arrest, in December 1941, the Committee was reformed on Joseph Stalin's order〔Sebag-Montefiore, Simon. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. 2003. page 560. 〕 in Kuibyshev in April 1942 with the official support of the Soviet authorities. It was designed to influence international public opinion and organize political and material support for the Soviet fight against Nazi Germany, particularly from the West. In 1952, as part of the persecution of Jews in the latter part of Stalin's rule (for example, the "Doctors' plot"), most prominent members of the JAC were arrested on trumped-up spying charges, tortured, and executed by firing squad after a secret mock trial. They were officially rehabilitated in 1988.
==Activities==
Solomon Mikhoels, the popular actor and director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater, was appointed the JAC chairman. The JAC's newspaper in Yiddish language was called ''Einigkeit'' (אייניקייט "Unity", Cyrillic: ''Эйникейт'').
The JAC broadcast pro-Soviet propaganda to foreign audiences, assuring them of the absence of anti-Semitism in the USSR. In 1943, Mikhoels and Itzik Feffer, the first official representatives of the Soviet Jewry allowed to visit the West, embarked on a seven-month tour to the USA, Mexico, Canada and Britain to drum up their support. In the US, they were welcomed by a National Reception Committee chaired by Albert Einstein and by B.Z. Goldberg, Sholem Aleichem's son-in-law, and American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. The largest pro-Soviet rally ever in the United States was held on July 8 at the Polo Grounds, where 50,000 people listened to Mikhoels, Fefer, Fiorello La Guardia, Sholem Asch, and Chairman of World Jewish Congress Rabbi Stephen Wise. Among others, they met Chaim Weizmann, Charlie Chaplin, Marc Chagall, Paul Robeson and Lion Feuchtwanger.
In addition to the funds for the Russian war effort – US$16 million raised in the US, $15 million in England, $1 million in Mexico, $750,000 in the British Mandate of Palestine – other help was also contributed: machinery, medical equipment, medicine, ambulances, clothes. On July 16, 1943, ''Pravda'' reported: "Mikhoels and Feffer received a message from Chicago that a special conference of the Joint initiated a campaign to finance a thousand ambulances for the needs of the Red Army." The visit also evoked the American public to the necessity of entering the European war.
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